Newb with some questions...

1) How are aluminum cases to reload? I'm looking to do some rifle reloading and have run across some aluminum casings.

I doubt you have any alum rifle cases, more likely nickle plated brass. They will hold any normal pressures.

2) Would an aluminum casing take the pressures of a magnum cartridge? aka 60,000 psi?

Probably not.

3) I read on here about a layered charge. Is there an actual blended charge?

Quit reading. It's a very old but lousy idea from some people who keep thinking they have figgered how to do what factory ammo makers cannot; they're wrong on several levels.

Is there a way to get the same velocities of a short magnum, with a shorter (aka 20 inch) barrel?

No. If so it would commonly be done.

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